Description
SS-31 (Szeto-Schiller peptide 31, also called elamipretide) is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) where it binds cardiolipin. Cardiolipin is essential for organizing the respiratory chain complexes and maintaining the electron transport chain’s efficiency. With aging and oxidative stress, cardiolipin becomes oxidized, causing structural disorganization of the IMM and mitochondrial dysfunction. SS-31 protects and restores cardiolipin’s structural role, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the source while preserving ATP synthesis efficiency.
For women, SS-31’s relevance spans multiple domains: cardiovascular protection (particularly relevant post-menopause, when cardiovascular risk increases sharply), neuroprotection (where mitochondrial dysfunction underlies cognitive aging), and musculoskeletal preservation (where mitochondrial decline contributes to sarcopenia). SS-31 is currently in Phase 2/3 trials for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) — a condition that disproportionately affects women. It represents the frontier of mitochondrial medicine.
Female-calibrated dosing: 1–3mg subcutaneously daily or 3–5x/week. Start at 1mg and assess tolerance. Best used as part of a longevity stack with NAD+ and MOTS-c. Cycle 8–12 weeks.
Storage: Store lyophilized powder below -20°C. After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, refrigerate at 2–8°C and use within 30 days.






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